Madrid 

Madrid is the capital and the largest city of the Spanish Kingdom, and the fourth largest city in the European Union. It is also located on the banks of the Manzanares River in central Spain, and it is one of the most important cities in cultural and economic terms. It is an important tourist destination for millions of tourists from all over the world.

Spain was one of the largest colonial states around the world, which motivated the king (Philip II) to make Madrid the capital of the country in the mid-16th century.

In 17th century, despite the decline of the Spanish colonial empire, Madrid remained an important center of government and culture, and during the middle of 20th century it became one of the most important industrial cities in Spain.

Despite the destruction of the most parts of the city during the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939, it was rebuilt and renewed, and the rest of the city was built during 16th and 17th centuries. 

The population of Madrid in 2011 AD, reached about 3.2 million while the population of the city's suburbs reached 6.54 million.

Madrid has many important landmarks, it includes many museums as Museum Del Prado, in addition to the famous Real Madrid Club and many government quarters, such as: ministries, the Spanish Parliament and many different international institutions and agencies.

It is also the official residence for most of the kings of Spain, as it contains the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Royal Theater, the famous Opera House, El Retiro Park that built in 1631 AD, and the National Library, which was founded in 1712 and includes many historical archives.

Madrid has a Mediterranean climate and in Winters are cool due to its altitude but the amount of rainfall is low despite it rains throughout the whole year. Summer and winter are considered the driest seasons.